diff --git a/furc/include/furc/handle.hpp b/furc/include/furc/handle.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e0b9d2e..0000000
--- a/furc/include/furc/handle.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef FURC_HANDLE_HPP
-#define FURC_HANDLE_HPP
-
-#include "furc/diag.hpp"
-#include "furlang/arena.hpp"
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <optional>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <string>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace furc {
-
-template <typename T, typename Error = std::string, typename = void>
-class handle;
-
-template <typename T, typename Error>
-class handle<T*, Error> {
-    template <typename, typename, typename>
-    friend class handle;
-
-    friend struct data;
-
-    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const handle& result);
-public:
-    using value_type      = T;
-    using pointer         = value_type*;
-    using const_pointer   = const value_type*;
-    using reference       = T&;
-    using const_reference = const T&;
-public:
-    handle() = default;
-
-    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U>>>
-    handle(location location, std::shared_ptr<U> value)
-      : m_data(data(location, std::move(value))) {}
-
-    template <typename U,
-        typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U> || std::is_base_of_v<U, value_type>>>
-    handle(const handle<U*, Error>& other)
-      : m_data(data{ other }) {}
-
-    template <typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<value_type, Args...>>>
-    handle(location location, Args&&... args)
-      : m_data(data(location, std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
-
-    template <typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<value_type, Args...>>>
-    handle(location location, furlang::arena& arena, Args&&... args)
-      : m_data(data(location, arena, std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
-
-    handle(location location, Error&& error)
-      : m_data(data(location, std::move(error))) {}
-
-    template <typename U>
-    handle(const handle<U, Error>& error)
-      : m_data(data(error)) {}
-
-    ~handle() = default;
-
-    handle(handle&& other) noexcept
-      : m_data(std::move(other.m_data)) {}
-
-    template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U>>>
-    handle(handle<U*, Error>&& other) noexcept
-      : m_data(data{ std::move(other) }) {}
-
-    handle(const handle& other)
-      : m_data(other.m_data) {}
-
-    handle& operator=(handle&& other) noexcept {
-        if (this == &other) return *this;
-        m_data = std::move(other.m_data);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    handle& operator=(const handle& other) {
-        if (this == &other) return *this;
-        m_data = other.m_data;
-        return *this;
-    }
-public:
-    location location() const { return m_data->location; } // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-
-    bool present() const { return m_data.has_value() && m_data->value != nullptr; }
-    bool has_error() const { return m_data.has_value() && m_data->value == nullptr; }
-
-    std::shared_ptr<value_type> shared() const { return m_data->value; } // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-    Error                       error() const { return m_data->error; }  // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-
-    reference       operator*() { return *m_data->value; }             // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-    const_reference operator*() const { return *m_data->value; }       // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-    pointer         operator->() { return m_data->value.get(); }       // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-    const_pointer   operator->() const { return m_data->value.get(); } // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-public:
-    bool operator==(const handle<T*, Error>& rhs) const {
-        if (present() != rhs.present() || error() != rhs.error()) return false;
-        if (present() && m_data->value != rhs.m_data->value) return false; // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    bool operator==(const value_type& rhs) const {
-        return present() && *m_data->value == rhs; // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-    }
-public:
-    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const handle& result) {
-        if (!result.m_data.has_value()) return os << "handle empty";
-        os << result.m_data->location << ": ";
-        if (result.m_data->value != nullptr) {
-            os << *result.m_data->value;
-        } else {
-            os << "ERROR: " << result.m_data->error;
-        }
-        return os;
-    }
-private:
-    struct data {
-        struct location             location;
-        std::shared_ptr<value_type> value = nullptr;
-        Error                       error = {};
-
-        template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U>>>
-        data(struct location location, std::shared_ptr<U> value)
-          : location(location), value(std::move(value)) {}
-
-        template <typename U,
-            typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U> || std::is_base_of_v<U, value_type>>>
-        data(handle<U*, Error>&& other)        // NOLINT
-          : location(other.m_data->location) { // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-            if constexpr (std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U>) {
-                value = std::static_pointer_cast<value_type>(
-                    std::move(other.m_data->value)); // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-            } else {
-                value = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<value_type>(
-                    std::move(other.m_data->value)); // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-            }
-        }
-
-        template <typename U,
-            typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U> || std::is_base_of_v<U, value_type>>>
-        data(const handle<U*, Error>& other)
-          : location(other.m_data->location) { // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-            if constexpr (std::is_base_of_v<value_type, U>) {
-                value = std::static_pointer_cast<value_type>(
-                    std::move(other.m_data->value)); // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-            } else {
-                value = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<value_type>(
-                    std::move(other.m_data->value)); // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
-            }
-        }
-
-        template <typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<value_type, Args...>>>
-        data(struct location location, Args&&... args)
-          : location(location), value(std::make_shared<value_type>(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
-
-        template <typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<value_type, Args...>>>
-        data(struct location location, furlang::arena& arena, Args&&... args)
-          : location(location), value(arena.allocate_shared<value_type>(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
-
-        data(struct location location, Error&& error)
-          : location(location), error(std::move(error)) {}
-
-        template <typename U>
-        data(const handle<U, Error>& error)
-          : location(error.location()), error(error.error()) {}
-
-        ~data() = default;
-
-        data(data&& other) noexcept
-          : location(other.location), value(std::move(other.value)), error(std::move(other.error)) {}
-
-        data(const data& other)
-          : location(other.location), value(other.value), error(other.error) {}
-
-        data& operator=(data&& other) noexcept {
-            if (this == &other) return *this;
-            location = other.location;
-            value    = std::move(other.value);
-            error    = std::move(other.error);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        data& operator=(const data& other) noexcept {
-            if (this == &other) return *this;
-            location = other.location;
-            value    = other.value;
-            error    = other.error;
-            return *this;
-        }
-    };
-    std::optional<data> m_data = {};
-};
-
-} // namespace furc
-
-#endif // FURC_HANDLE_HPP
\ No newline at end of file