feat(furc/IR): move IR from furlang to furc

First try baby, whoo!

furc/include/furc/back/ir.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+#ifndef FURC_BACK_IR_HPP
+#define FURC_BACK_IR_HPP
+
+#include "furc/front/ast.hpp"
+#include "furlang/arena.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace furc {
+
+struct ir_operand {
+    enum type_e {
+        Integer = 0,
+        Register,
+        Variable,
+        Function,
+        Block,
+        BlockPair,
+        PhiPair,
+    } type;
+    union value_u {
+        std::uint64_t integer;
+        struct register_s {
+            std::uint64_t name : 54;
+            std::uint64_t ver : 10;
+        } reg;
+        std::uint16_t variable;
+        std::uint64_t function;
+        std::uint64_t block;
+        struct block_pair_s {
+            std::uint64_t first;
+            std::uint64_t second;
+        } blockPair;
+        struct phi_pair_s {
+            register_s    reg;
+            std::uint64_t block;
+        } phiPair;
+
+        value_u() = default;
+
+        value_u(std::uint64_t integer)
+          : integer(integer) {}
+
+        value_u(std::uint16_t variable)
+          : variable(variable) {}
+
+        value_u(std::uint64_t first, std::uint64_t second)
+          : blockPair({ first, second }) {}
+
+        value_u(register_s reg, std::uint64_t block)
+          : phiPair({ reg, block }) {}
+    } value;
+
+    template <typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<value_u, Args...>>>
+    ir_operand(type_e type, Args&&... args)
+      : type(type), value(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+};
+
+struct ir_type {
+    enum type_e {
+        Void = 0,
+        S8,
+        U8,
+        S16,
+        U16,
+        S32,
+        U32,
+        S64,
+        U64,
+    } type = Void;
+};
+
+// TODO: Add data types to instructions (like mov QWORD ... in x86 assembly)
+struct ir_instruction {
+    enum type_e {
+        Move = 0,
+        Call,
+        Branch,
+        BranchCond,
+        Return,
+        Phi,
+
+        Add,
+        Sub,
+        Mul,
+        Div,
+        Mod,
+
+        Shl,
+        Shr,
+        BinAnd,
+        BinOr,
+        BinXor,
+        And,
+        Or,
+
+        Eq,
+        NotEq,
+        LessThan,
+        LessEq,
+        GreaterThan,
+        GreaterEq,
+
+        Positive,
+        Negative,
+        Increment,
+        Decrement,
+        BinNot,
+        Not,
+
+        Sizeof,
+        Pointerof,
+        Lenof,
+    } type;
+    std::optional<ir_operand> destination;
+    std::vector<ir_operand>   sources;
+
+    ir_instruction(type_e                 type,
+        std::optional<ir_operand>         destination = {},
+        std::initializer_list<ir_operand> sources     = {})
+      : type(type), destination(destination), sources(sources) {}
+
+    static constexpr bool is_terminating(type_e type) {
+        switch (type) {
+        case Branch:
+        case BranchCond:
+        case Return: return true;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+struct ir_basic_block {
+    std::vector<ir_instruction> instructions;
+
+    bool is_terminated() const {
+        return !instructions.empty() && ir_instruction::is_terminating(instructions.back().type);
+    }
+};
+
+struct ir_variable {
+    ir_variable() = default;
+
+    ir_variable(ir_type type)
+      : type(type) {}
+
+    virtual ~ir_variable() = default;
+
+    ir_variable(ir_variable&&) noexcept            = default;
+    ir_variable& operator=(ir_variable&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    ir_variable(const ir_variable&)            = default;
+    ir_variable& operator=(const ir_variable&) = default;
+
+    ir_type type;
+
+    virtual ir_operand operand() const = 0;
+};
+
+struct ir_module_variable : ir_variable {
+    ir_module_variable(ir_type type, std::uint16_t name)
+      : ir_variable(type), name(name) {}
+
+    std::uint16_t name;
+
+    ir_operand operand() const final { return { ir_operand::Variable, name }; }
+};
+
+struct ir_function_variable : ir_variable {
+    ir_function_variable(ir_type type, std::uint64_t name)
+      : ir_variable(type), name(name) {}
+
+    std::uint64_t name;
+
+    ir_operand operand() const final { return { ir_operand::Register, name }; }
+};
+
+struct ir_scope {
+    ir_scope()          = default;
+    virtual ~ir_scope() = default;
+
+    ir_scope(ir_scope&&) noexcept            = default;
+    ir_scope& operator=(ir_scope&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    ir_scope(const ir_scope&)            = default;
+    ir_scope& operator=(const ir_scope&) = default;
+
+    ir_scope* previous = nullptr;
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, ir_variable*> variables;
+
+    const ir_variable* variable(const std::string& name) const {
+        if (auto it = variables.find(name); it != variables.end()) return it->second;
+        return (previous != nullptr) ? previous->variable(name) : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    virtual const ir_variable* allocate(furlang::arena& arena, const std::string& name, ir_type type) = 0;
+};
+
+struct ir_function : ir_scope {
+    enum type_e {
+        Normal = 0,
+        Import,
+        Native,
+    } type = Normal;
+    enum access_e {
+        Public = 0,
+        Private,
+    } access = Public;
+
+    std::string                 name;
+    std::vector<ir_type>        params;
+    ir_type                     retType;
+    std::vector<ir_basic_block> blocks;
+
+    std::uint64_t regCount = 0;
+
+    const ir_variable* allocate(furlang::arena& arena, const std::string& name, ir_type type) final {
+        return variables[name] = arena.allocate<ir_function_variable>(type, regCount++);
+    }
+
+    static ir_function from_name(std::string&& name) {
+        ir_function func;
+        func.name = std::move(name);
+        return func;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ir_module : ir_scope {
+    std::vector<ir_function*> functions;
+    furlang::arena            arena;
+
+    std::uint16_t varCount = 0;
+
+    const ir_variable* allocate(furlang::arena& arena, const std::string& name, ir_type type) final {
+        return variables[name] = arena.allocate<ir_module_variable>(type, varCount);
+    }
+
+    ir_function* add_function(ir_function&& function) {
+        return functions.emplace_back(arena.allocate<ir_function>(std::move(function)));
+    }
+};
+
+struct ir_context {
+    ir_context(ir_function* function)
+      : function(function) {
+        if (function->blocks.empty()) new_last();
+        blockPtr = &function->blocks.front();
+    }
+
+    ~ir_context() {
+        if (blockPtr == nullptr) return;
+        if (!blockPtr->is_terminated()) {
+            if (blockIdx + 1 == function->blocks.size()) {
+                add_instr(ir_instruction::Return);
+            } else {
+                add_instr(ir_instruction::Branch, ir_operand{ ir_operand::Block, blockIdx + 1 });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ir_context(ir_context&& other) noexcept
+      : function(other.function), blockIdx(other.blockIdx), blockPtr(other.blockPtr) {
+        other.function = nullptr;
+        other.blockIdx = 0;
+        other.blockPtr = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ir_context& operator=(ir_context&& other) noexcept {
+        if (this == &other) return *this;
+        function = other.function;
+        blockIdx = other.blockIdx;
+        blockPtr = other.blockPtr;
+
+        other.function = nullptr;
+        other.blockIdx = 0;
+        other.blockPtr = nullptr;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ir_context(const ir_context&)            = delete;
+    ir_context& operator=(const ir_context&) = delete;
+
+    template <typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<ir_instruction, Args...>>>
+    ir_instruction& add_instr(Args&&... args) {
+        auto it = blockPtr->instructions.end();
+        if (!blockPtr->instructions.empty() && ir_instruction::is_terminating(blockPtr->instructions.back().type)) --it;
+        it = blockPtr->instructions.emplace(it, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        if (ir_instruction::is_terminating(it->type) && it + 1 != blockPtr->instructions.end())
+            blockPtr->instructions.pop_back();
+        return *it;
+    }
+
+    void terminate() { add_instr(ir_instruction::Return); }
+
+    void terminate(ir_operand value) { add_instr(ir_instruction::Return, value); }
+
+    void terminate(std::uint64_t block) { add_instr(ir_instruction::Branch, ir_operand{ ir_operand::Block, block }); }
+
+    ir_instruction* terminate(ir_operand cond, std::uint64_t thenBranch, std::uint64_t elseBranch) {
+        return &add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::BranchCond,
+            ir_operand{ ir_operand::BlockPair, thenBranch, elseBranch },
+            { cond } });
+    }
+
+    ir_context& new_next() {
+        if (blockPtr->instructions.empty()) return *this;
+        auto it = function->blocks.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(++blockIdx);
+        if (!blockPtr->is_terminated()) terminate(blockIdx);
+        blockPtr = &*function->blocks.emplace(it);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ir_context& new_last() {
+        blockIdx = function->blocks.size();
+        blockPtr = &*function->blocks.emplace(function->blocks.end());
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ir_context& go(std::uint64_t block) {
+        blockIdx = std::min(block, function->blocks.size() - 1);
+        blockPtr = function->blocks.data() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(blockIdx);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ir_context& go_next() { return go(blockIdx + 1); }
+    ir_context& go_last() { return go(std::min<std::uint64_t>(0, function->blocks.size() - 1)); }
+
+    ir_operand last_register() const { return { ir_operand::Register, function->regCount - 1 }; }
+    ir_operand next_register() const { return { ir_operand::Register, function->regCount++ }; }
+
+    static ir_operand block_op(std::uint64_t blockIdx) { return { ir_operand::Block, blockIdx }; }
+
+    ir_function*    function = nullptr;
+    std::uint64_t   blockIdx = 0;
+    ir_basic_block* blockPtr = nullptr;
+};
+
+class ir_generator final : public ast_visitor {
+public:
+    ir_generator()
+      : m_initContext(m_module.add_function(ir_function::from_name("module$init"))) {}
+
+    void finalize() {
+        m_module.functions.front()->blocks.emplace_back().instructions.push_back(
+            ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Return });
+    }
+
+    ir_module build() {
+        m_scope                = nullptr;
+        m_context              = {};
+        m_initContext.blockPtr = nullptr;
+        return std::move(m_module);
+    }
+
+    static ir_module generate(const ast_node& node) {
+        ir_generator gen;
+        node.accept(gen);
+        gen.finalize();
+        return gen.build();
+    }
+
+    static ir_module generate(const ast& tree) {
+        ir_generator gen;
+        for (const auto& node : tree.decls)
+            node->accept(gen);
+        gen.finalize();
+        return gen.build();
+    }
+private:
+    void visit_comp_stmt_node(const comp_stmt_node& node) override;
+    void visit_if_stmt_node(const if_stmt_node& node) override;
+    void visit_while_stmt_node(const while_stmt_node& node) override;
+    void visit_return_stmt_node(const return_stmt_node& node) override;
+    void visit_var_decl_node(const var_decl_node& node) override;
+    void visit_func_decl_node(const func_decl_node& node) override;
+    void visit_var_read_expr_node(const var_read_expr_node& node) override;
+    void visit_func_call_expr_node(const func_call_expr_node& node) override;
+    void visit_group_expr_node(const group_expr_node& node) override;
+    void visit_binary_op_expr_node(const binary_op_expr_node& node) override;
+    void visit_unary_op_expr_node(const unary_op_expr_node& node) override;
+    void visit_if_expr_node(const if_expr_node& node) override;
+    void visit_int_lit_node(const int_lit_node& node) override;
+    void visit_char_lit_node(const char_lit_node& node) override;
+private:
+    ir_context& context() { return m_context.top(); }
+private:
+    ir_module              m_module;
+    ir_scope*              m_scope = &m_module;
+    std::stack<ir_context> m_context;
+
+    ir_context m_initContext;
+};
+
+} // namespace furc
+
+#endif // FURC_BACK_IR_HPP

furc/include/furc/front/ast.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,50 @@
 
 namespace furc {
 
+struct comp_stmt_node;
+struct if_stmt_node;
+struct while_stmt_node;
+struct return_stmt_node;
+struct var_decl_node;
+struct func_decl_node;
+struct var_read_expr_node;
+struct func_call_expr_node;
+struct group_expr_node;
+struct binary_op_expr_node;
+struct unary_op_expr_node;
+struct if_expr_node;
+struct int_lit_node;
+struct char_lit_node;
+
+struct ast_visitor {
+    ast_visitor()          = default;
+    virtual ~ast_visitor() = default;
+
+    ast_visitor(ast_visitor&&) noexcept            = default;
+    ast_visitor& operator=(ast_visitor&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    ast_visitor(const ast_visitor&)            = default;
+    ast_visitor& operator=(const ast_visitor&) = default;
+
+    virtual void visit_comp_stmt_node(const comp_stmt_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_if_stmt_node(const if_stmt_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_while_stmt_node(const while_stmt_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_return_stmt_node(const return_stmt_node& node) {}
+
+    virtual void visit_var_decl_node(const var_decl_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_func_decl_node(const func_decl_node& node) {}
+
+    virtual void visit_var_read_expr_node(const var_read_expr_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_func_call_expr_node(const func_call_expr_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_group_expr_node(const group_expr_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_binary_op_expr_node(const binary_op_expr_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_unary_op_expr_node(const unary_op_expr_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_if_expr_node(const if_expr_node& node) {}
+
+    virtual void visit_int_lit_node(const int_lit_node& node) {}
+    virtual void visit_char_lit_node(const char_lit_node& node) {}
+};
+
 struct ast_type {
     enum type_e {
         Void = 0,
@@ -41,6 +85,8 @@ public:
     ast_node& operator=(const ast_node&) = delete;
 public:
     virtual category_e category() const = 0;
+
+    virtual void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const = 0;
 };
 
 using ast_node_cat = ast_node::category_e;
@@ -65,6 +111,8 @@ public:
 struct comp_stmt_node final : public stmt_node {
     stmt_type_e stmt_type() const override { return Compound; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_comp_stmt_node(*this); }
+
     std::vector<stmt_node*> stmts;
 };
 
@@ -73,6 +121,8 @@ class expr_node;
 struct if_stmt_node final : public stmt_node {
     stmt_type_e stmt_type() const override { return If; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_if_stmt_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node* cond       = nullptr;
     stmt_node* thenBranch = nullptr;
     stmt_node* elseBranch = nullptr;
@@ -81,6 +131,8 @@ struct if_stmt_node final : public stmt_node {
 struct while_stmt_node final : public stmt_node {
     stmt_type_e stmt_type() const override { return While; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_while_stmt_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node* cond = nullptr;
     stmt_node* body = nullptr;
 };
@@ -88,6 +140,8 @@ struct while_stmt_node final : public stmt_node {
 struct return_stmt_node final : public stmt_node {
     stmt_type_e stmt_type() const override { return Return; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_return_stmt_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node* value = nullptr;
 };
 
@@ -108,6 +162,8 @@ public:
 struct var_decl_node final : public decl_node {
     decl_type_e decl_type() const override { return Variable; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_var_decl_node(*this); }
+
     std::string name;
     ast_type    type;
     expr_node*  init = nullptr;
@@ -116,6 +172,8 @@ struct var_decl_node final : public decl_node {
 struct func_decl_node final : public decl_node {
     decl_type_e decl_type() const override { return Function; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_func_decl_node(*this); }
+
     struct def_s {
         comp_stmt_node          body;
         std::vector<expr_node*> preConds;
@@ -151,6 +209,8 @@ public:
 struct var_read_expr_node final : public expr_node {
     expr_type_e expr_type() const override { return VarRead; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_var_read_expr_node(*this); }
+
     std::string name;
 
     var_read_expr_node(std::string&& name)
@@ -160,6 +220,8 @@ struct var_read_expr_node final : public expr_node {
 struct func_call_expr_node final : public expr_node {
     expr_type_e expr_type() const override { return FunctionCall; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_func_call_expr_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node*              lhs = nullptr;
     std::vector<expr_node*> args;
 };
@@ -167,6 +229,8 @@ struct func_call_expr_node final : public expr_node {
 struct group_expr_node final : public expr_node {
     expr_type_e expr_type() const override { return Group; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_group_expr_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node* inner = nullptr;
 };
 
@@ -196,6 +260,8 @@ struct binary_op_expr_node final : public expr_node {
 
     expr_type_e expr_type() const override { return BinaryOp; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_binary_op_expr_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node*     lhs  = nullptr;
     expr_node*     rhs  = nullptr;
     binary_op_type type = Add;
@@ -219,6 +285,8 @@ struct unary_op_expr_node final : public expr_node {
 
     expr_type_e expr_type() const override { return UnaryOp; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_unary_op_expr_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node*    lhs  = nullptr;
     unary_op_type type = Positive;
 };
@@ -226,6 +294,8 @@ struct unary_op_expr_node final : public expr_node {
 struct if_expr_node final : public expr_node {
     expr_type_e expr_type() const override { return If; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_if_expr_node(*this); }
+
     expr_node* cond     = nullptr;
     expr_node* thenExpr = nullptr;
     expr_node* elseExpr = nullptr;
@@ -251,6 +321,8 @@ struct int_lit_node final : public lit_node {
 
     lit_type_e lit_type() const override { return Integer; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_int_lit_node(*this); }
+
     std::uint64_t value;
 };
 
@@ -260,6 +332,8 @@ struct char_lit_node final : public lit_node {
 
     lit_type_e lit_type() const override { return Char; }
 
+    void accept(ast_visitor& visitor) const override { visitor.visit_char_lit_node(*this); }
+
     char value;
 };
 

furc/src/back/ir.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+#include "furc/back/ir.hpp"
+
+#include "furc/front/ast.hpp"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace furc {
+
+static ir_type ast_type_to_ir(const ast_type& type) {
+    switch (type.type) {
+    case ast_type::Void: return { ir_type::Void };
+    case ast_type::S8: return { ir_type::S8 };
+    case ast_type::U8: return { ir_type::U8 };
+    case ast_type::S16: return { ir_type::S16 };
+    case ast_type::U16: return { ir_type::U16 };
+    case ast_type::S32: return { ir_type::S32 };
+    case ast_type::U32: return { ir_type::U32 };
+    case ast_type::S64: return { ir_type::S64 };
+    case ast_type::U64: return { ir_type::U64 };
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error("unreachable");
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_comp_stmt_node(const comp_stmt_node& node) {
+    // TODO: Introduce scopes for statements to naturally allow variable shadowing.
+    for (const auto& stmt : node.stmts) {
+        stmt->accept(*this);
+    }
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_if_stmt_node(const if_stmt_node& node) {
+    node.cond->accept(*this);
+    auto* branch = context().terminate(context().last_register(), context().blockIdx + 1, 0);
+
+    context().new_next();
+    node.thenBranch->accept(*this);
+    context().new_next();
+    branch->destination->value.blockPair.second = context().blockIdx; // NOLINT
+    if (node.elseBranch != nullptr) {
+        node.elseBranch->accept(*this);
+        context().new_next();
+    }
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_while_stmt_node(const while_stmt_node& node) {
+    context().new_next();
+    auto header = context().blockIdx;
+    node.cond->accept(*this);
+    auto* branch = context().terminate(context().last_register(), context().blockIdx + 1, 0);
+
+    context().new_next();
+    auto body = context().blockIdx;
+    node.body->accept(*this);
+    if (!context().blockPtr->is_terminated()) context().terminate(header);
+
+    context().new_next();
+    branch->destination->value.blockPair.second = context().blockIdx; // NOLINT
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_return_stmt_node(const return_stmt_node& node) {
+    if (node.value == nullptr) {
+        context().terminate();
+    } else {
+        node.value->accept(*this);
+        context().terminate(context().last_register());
+    }
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_var_decl_node(const var_decl_node& node) {
+    const auto* var = m_scope->allocate(m_module.arena, node.name, ast_type_to_ir(node.type));
+
+    if (node.init != nullptr) {
+        if (m_context.empty()) {
+            m_initContext.new_next();
+            m_context.push(std::move(m_initContext));
+            node.init->accept(*this);
+            context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Move, var->operand(), { context().last_register() } });
+            m_initContext = std::move(m_context.top());
+            m_context.pop();
+        } else {
+            node.init->accept(*this);
+            context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Move, var->operand(), { context().last_register() } });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_func_decl_node(const func_decl_node& node) {
+    ir_function function;
+    function.previous = m_scope;
+    function.name     = node.name;
+    for (const auto& param : node.params) {
+        function.params.push_back(ast_type_to_ir(param.type));
+        function.allocate(m_module.arena, param.name, ast_type_to_ir(param.type));
+    }
+    function.retType = ast_type_to_ir(node.type);
+
+    if (node.def.has_value()) {
+        auto* func = m_module.functions.emplace_back(m_module.arena.allocate<ir_function>(std::move(function)));
+        m_context.emplace(func);
+        m_scope = func;
+        node.def->body.accept(*this);
+        m_scope = m_scope->previous;
+        m_context.pop();
+    }
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_var_read_expr_node(const var_read_expr_node& node) {
+    const auto* var = m_scope->variable(node.name);
+    if (var == nullptr) throw std::runtime_error("unknown variable");
+    context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Move, context().next_register(), { var->operand() } });
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_func_call_expr_node(const func_call_expr_node& node) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("not implemented");
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_group_expr_node(const group_expr_node& node) {
+    node.inner->accept(*this);
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_binary_op_expr_node(const binary_op_expr_node& node) {
+    node.lhs->accept(*this);
+    auto lhs = context().last_register();
+    node.rhs->accept(*this);
+    auto rhs = context().last_register();
+
+    switch (node.type) {
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Add:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Add, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Sub:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Sub, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Mul:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Mul, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Div:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Div, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Mod:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Mod, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Shl:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Shl, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Shr:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Shr, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::BinAnd:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::BinAnd, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::BinOr:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::BinOr, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::BinXor:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::BinXor, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::And:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::And, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Or:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Or, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::Equals:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Eq, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::NotEquals:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::NotEq, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::LessThan:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::LessThan, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::LessEquals:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::LessEq, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::GreaterThan:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::GreaterThan, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    case binary_op_expr_node::GreaterEquals:
+        context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::GreaterEq, context().next_register(), { lhs, rhs } });
+        return;
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error("unreachable");
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_unary_op_expr_node(const unary_op_expr_node& node) {
+    if (node.type == unary_op_expr_node::PostInc || node.type == unary_op_expr_node::PostDec) {
+        node.lhs->accept(*this);
+        auto lhs = context().last_register();
+        node.lhs->accept(*this);
+        context().add_instr(node.type == unary_op_expr_node::PostInc ? ir_instruction::Increment
+                                                                     : ir_instruction::Decrement,
+            context().last_register());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    node.lhs->accept(*this);
+    auto lhs = context().last_register();
+
+    switch (node.type) {
+    case unary_op_expr_node::Positive: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Positive, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::Negative: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Negative, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::PreInc: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Increment, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::PreDec: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Decrement, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::BinNot: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::BinNot, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::Not: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Not, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::Sizeof: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Sizeof, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::Pointerof: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Pointerof, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::Lengthof: context().add_instr(ir_instruction::Lenof, lhs);
+    case unary_op_expr_node::PostInc:
+    case unary_op_expr_node::PostDec: return;
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error("unreachable");
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_if_expr_node(const if_expr_node& node) {
+    node.cond->accept(*this);
+    auto* branch = context().terminate(context().last_register(), context().blockIdx + 1, 0);
+
+    context().new_next();
+    auto thenBranch = context().blockIdx;
+    node.thenExpr->accept(*this);
+    auto thenReg = context().last_register();
+
+    context().new_next();
+    branch->destination->value.blockPair.second = context().blockIdx; // NOLINT
+    node.elseExpr->accept(*this);
+    auto elseReg = context().last_register();
+    auto resReg  = context().next_register();
+    context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Move, resReg, { elseReg } });
+
+    context().new_next();
+    auto epilogue = context().blockIdx;
+
+    context().go(thenBranch);
+    context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Move, resReg, { thenReg } });
+    context().terminate(epilogue);
+    context().go(epilogue);
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_int_lit_node(const int_lit_node& node) {
+    context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Move,
+        context().next_register(),
+        { ir_operand{ ir_operand::Integer, node.value } } });
+}
+
+void ir_generator::visit_char_lit_node(const char_lit_node& node) {
+    context().add_instr(ir_instruction{ ir_instruction::Move,
+        context().next_register(),
+        { ir_operand{ ir_operand::Integer, static_cast<std::uint64_t>(node.value) } } });
+}
+
+} // namespace furc

furc/src/main.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "furc/back/ir.hpp"
 #include "furc/front/lexer.hpp"
 #include "furc/front/parser.hpp"
 #include "furlang/arena.hpp"
@@ -6,17 +7,15 @@ int main(void) {
     furlang::arena arena;
 
     std::string_view content = R"(
-        func main(argc: u64) -> s32 pre(arc > 1) {
+        func main(argc: u64) -> s32 {
             x: s32 = 1 + 2 * 3;
-            println(x);
             return if (x == 9) 1 else 0;
         }
     )";
 
-    furc::lexer  lexer  = { "<AK>", content };
-    furc::parser parser = { std::move(lexer), arena };
-
-    auto program = parser.parse();
+    furc::lexer     lexer    = { "<AK>", content };
+    furc::parser    parser   = { std::move(lexer), arena };
+    furc::ir_module irModule = furc::ir_generator::generate(parser.parse());
 
     return 0;
 }

furlang/include/furlang/ir/block.hpp

@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef FURLANG_IR_BLOCK_HPP
-#define FURLANG_IR_BLOCK_HPP
-
-#include "furlang/ir/instruction.hpp"
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace furlang {
-namespace ir {
-
-/**
- * @brief Basic block.
- *
- * A basic block of IR instructions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_block
- */
-class block {
-public:
-    using value_type = std::unique_ptr<instruction>; /**< Value type */
-public:
-    block() = default;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Emplaces a new instruction.
-     *
-     * Emplaces a new instruction, if exit instruction hasn't been emplaced in this block yet.
-     *
-     * @tparam T Type of the instruction to emplace.
-     * @param args Arguments to call the constructor with.
-     * @return true if the instruction has been emplaced successfully.
-     */
-    template <typename T, typename... Args, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of_v<instruction, T>>>
-    bool emplace(Args&&... args) {
-        if (has_exit()) return false;
-        auto instr = std::make_unique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-        if (is_exit_instruction(instr->type())) {
-            m_exit = std::move(instr);
-        } else {
-            m_instructions.emplace_back(std::move(instr));
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this block's instructions.
-     *
-     * @return The instructions.
-     */
-    std::vector<value_type>& instructions() { return m_instructions; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this block's instructions.
-     *
-     * @return The instructions.
-     */
-    const std::vector<value_type>& instructions() const { return m_instructions; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Checks whether an exit instruction has been emplaced in this block yet.
-     *
-     * @return true if the exit instruction has been emplaced.
-     */
-    bool has_exit() const { return m_exit != nullptr; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this block's exit instruction.
-     *
-     * @return The exit instruction.
-     */
-    value_type& exit() { return m_exit; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this block's exit instruction.
-     *
-     * @return The exit instruction.
-     */
-    const value_type& exit() const { return m_exit; }
-private:
-    std::vector<value_type> m_instructions;
-    value_type              m_exit;
-};
-
-} // namespace ir
-} // namespace furlang
-
-#endif // FURLANG_IR_BLOCK_HPP

furlang/include/furlang/ir/function.hpp

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef FURLANG_IR_FUNCTION_HPP
-#define FURLANG_IR_FUNCTION_HPP
-
-#include "furlang/ir/block.hpp"
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <memory>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace furlang {
-namespace ir {
-
-enum class function_t : std::uint8_t {
-    Normal = 0,
-    Import,
-    Native,
-};
-
-enum class function_access_t : std::uint8_t {
-    Public = 0,
-    Private,
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief IR function.
- *
- * Consists of a name and blocks.
- * @see block
- */
-class function {
-public:
-    using value_type = std::shared_ptr<block>; /**< Value type. */
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new IR function.
-     *
-     * @param name Name to forward.
-     */
-    template <typename StringFwd, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<std::string, StringFwd>>>
-    function(StringFwd&& name, function_access_t access, std::uint32_t paramCount, function_t type = function_t::Normal)
-      : m_name(std::forward<StringFwd>(name)), m_access(access), m_paramCount(paramCount), m_type(type) {}
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this function's name.
-     *
-     * @return The name.
-     */
-    const std::string& name() const { return m_name; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns the function's access.
-     *
-     * @return The access.
-     */
-    function_access_t access() const { return m_access; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this function's parameter count.
-     *
-     * @return The parameter count.
-     */
-    std::uint32_t param_count() const { return m_paramCount; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this function's type.
-     *
-     * @return The type.
-     */
-    function_t type() const { return m_type; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Pushes and returns a new IR block.
-     *
-     * @return The new IR block.
-     */
-    value_type push() { return m_blocks.emplace_back(std::make_shared<block>()); }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this function's IR blocks.
-     *
-     * @return The IR blocks.
-     */
-    const std::vector<value_type>& blocks() const { return m_blocks; }
-private:
-    std::string             m_name;
-    function_access_t       m_access;
-    function_t              m_type;
-    std::uint32_t           m_paramCount;
-    std::vector<value_type> m_blocks;
-};
-
-} // namespace ir
-} // namespace furlang
-
-#endif // FURLANG_IR_FUNCTION_HPP

furlang/include/furlang/ir/instruction.hpp

@@ -1,767 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef FURLANG_IR_INSTRUCTION_HPP
-#define FURLANG_IR_INSTRUCTION_HPP
-
-#include "furlang/ir/operand.hpp"
-
-#include <cassert>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <optional>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace furlang {
-namespace ir {
-
-/**
- * @brief IR instruction type.
- */
-enum class instruction_t {
-    Alloca,      /**< Unused */
-    Assign,      /**< Assign */
-    Add,         /**< Addition */
-    Sub,         /**< Subtraction */
-    Mul,         /**< Multiplication */
-    Div,         /**< Division */
-    Mod,         /**< Modulo */
-    Eq,          /**< Equal */
-    NotEq,       /**< Not equal */
-    LessThan,    /**< Less than */
-    GreaterThan, /**< Greater than */
-    LessEq,      /**< Less or equal */
-    GreaterEq,   /**< Greater or equal */
-    Pointerof,   /**< Pointerof */
-    Sizeof,      /**< Sizeof */
-    Call,        /**< Call */
-    Branch,      /**< Branch */
-    BranchCond,  /**< Conditional branch */
-    Return,      /**< Return */
-    Phi,         /**< Phi function */
-};
-
-static inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, instruction_t type) {
-    switch (type) {
-    case instruction_t::Alloca: return os << "alloca";
-    case instruction_t::Assign: return os << "assign";
-    case instruction_t::Add: return os << "add";
-    case instruction_t::Sub: return os << "sub";
-    case instruction_t::Mul: return os << "mul";
-    case instruction_t::Div: return os << "div";
-    case instruction_t::Mod: return os << "mod";
-    case instruction_t::Eq: return os << "eq";
-    case instruction_t::NotEq: return os << "notEq";
-    case instruction_t::LessThan: return os << "lessThan";
-    case instruction_t::GreaterThan: return os << "greaterThan";
-    case instruction_t::LessEq: return os << "lessEq";
-    case instruction_t::GreaterEq: return os << "greaterEq";
-    case instruction_t::Pointerof: return os << "pointerof";
-    case instruction_t::Sizeof: return os << "sizeof";
-    case instruction_t::Call: return os << "call";
-    case instruction_t::Branch: return os << "branch";
-    case instruction_t::BranchCond: return os << "branchCond";
-    case instruction_t::Return: return os << "return";
-    case instruction_t::Phi: return os << "phi";
-    }
-    throw std::runtime_error("unreachable");
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Checks if an instruction type exits.
- *
- * @param type Instruction type.
- * @return true if the instruction type exits.
- */
-static inline bool is_exit_instruction(instruction_t type) {
-    switch (type) {
-    case instruction_t::Branch:
-    case instruction_t::BranchCond:
-    case instruction_t::Return: return true;
-    default: return false;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief IR instruction
- */
-class instruction {
-public:
-    instruction()          = default;
-    virtual ~instruction() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    instruction(instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    instruction& operator=(instruction&&) = default;
-
-    instruction(const instruction&) = delete;
-
-    instruction& operator=(const instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return The type.
-     */
-    virtual instruction_t type() const = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns whether this instruction has a destination operand.
-     *
-     * @return true if this instruction has the destination operand.
-     */
-    virtual bool has_destination() const { return false; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns destination operand of this instruction.
-     *
-     * @return The destination operand.
-     */
-    virtual operand& destination() { throw std::runtime_error("instruction type mismatch"); }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns destination operand of this instruction.
-     *
-     * @return The destination operand.
-     */
-    virtual const operand& destination() const { throw std::runtime_error("instruction type mismatch"); }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns a list of source operands of this instruction.
-     *
-     * @return The list of source operands.
-     */
-    virtual std::vector<operand*> sources() { return {}; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns a list of source operands of this instruction.
-     *
-     * @return The list of source operands.
-     */
-    virtual std::vector<const operand*> sources() const { return {}; }
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Prints an instruction to an output stream.
-     *
-     * Equivalent to calling instruction.print(os).
-     *
-     * @param os Output stream.
-     * @param instruction Instruction to print.
-     * @return The output stream.
-     */
-    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const instruction& instruction) { return instruction.print(os); }
-protected:
-    /**
-     * @brief Prints this instruction to an output stream.
-     *
-     * @param os Output stream.
-     * @return The output stream.
-     */
-    virtual std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const = 0;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Alloca instruction
- */
-class alloca_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    alloca_instruction() {}
-
-    ~alloca_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    alloca_instruction(alloca_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    alloca_instruction& operator=(alloca_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    alloca_instruction(const alloca_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    alloca_instruction& operator=(const alloca_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return instruction_t::Alloca.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return instruction_t::Alloca; }
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override { return os << "alloca"; }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Assign instruction
- */
-class assign_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new assign instruction.
-     *
-     * @param src Source operand.
-     * @param dst Destination operand.
-     */
-    assign_instruction(operand&& src, operand&& dst)
-      : m_source(std::move(src)), m_destination(std::move(dst)) {}
-
-    ~assign_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    assign_instruction(assign_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    assign_instruction& operator=(assign_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    assign_instruction(const assign_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    assign_instruction& operator=(const assign_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return instruction_t::Assign.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return instruction_t::Assign; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns whether this instruction has a destination operand.
-     *
-     * @return true
-     */
-    bool has_destination() const override { return true; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination.
-     *
-     * @return The destination.
-     */
-    operand& destination() override { return m_destination; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination.
-     *
-     * @return The destination.
-     */
-    const operand& destination() const override { return m_destination; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns a list of this instruction's source operands.
-     *
-     * @return The list of source operands.
-     */
-    std::vector<operand*> sources() override { return { &m_source }; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns a list of this instruction's source operands.
-     *
-     * @return The list of source operands.
-     */
-    std::vector<const operand*> sources() const override { return { &m_source }; }
-private:
-    operand m_source;
-    operand m_destination;
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override { return os << m_destination << " = " << m_source; }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Generic unary instruction
- */
-class unary_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new unary instruction.
-     *
-     * @param type Instruction type.
-     * @param src Source operand.
-     * @param dst Destination operand.
-     */
-    unary_instruction(instruction_t type, operand&& src, operand&& dst)
-      : m_type(type), m_src(std::move(src)), m_dst(std::move(dst)) {}
-
-    ~unary_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    unary_instruction(unary_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    unary_instruction& operator=(unary_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    unary_instruction(const unary_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    unary_instruction& operator=(const unary_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return The instruction type.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return m_type; }
-
-    bool has_destination() const override { return true; }
-
-    operand& destination() override { return m_dst; }
-
-    const operand& destination() const override { return m_dst; }
-
-    std::vector<operand*> sources() override { return { &m_src }; }
-
-    std::vector<const operand*> sources() const override { return { &m_src }; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's source operand.
-     *
-     * @return The operand.
-     */
-    const operand& src() const { return m_src; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination operand.
-     *
-     * @return The operand.
-     */
-    const operand& dst() const { return m_dst; }
-private:
-    instruction_t m_type;
-    operand       m_src;
-    operand       m_dst;
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override { return os << m_dst << " = " << m_type << ' ' << m_src; }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Generic binary instruction
- */
-class binary_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new binary operation instruction.
-     *
-     * @param type Instruction type.
-     * @param lhs Left-hand-side operand.
-     * @param rhs Right-hand-side operand.
-     * @param dst Destination operand.
-     */
-    binary_instruction(instruction_t type, operand&& lhs, operand&& rhs, operand&& dst)
-      : m_type(type), m_lhs(std::move(lhs)), m_rhs(std::move(rhs)), m_dst(std::move(dst)) {}
-
-    ~binary_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    binary_instruction(binary_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor
-     */
-    binary_instruction& operator=(binary_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    binary_instruction(const binary_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    binary_instruction& operator=(const binary_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return instruction_t::BinaryOp.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return m_type; }
-
-    bool has_destination() const override { return true; }
-
-    operand& destination() override { return m_dst; }
-
-    const operand& destination() const override { return m_dst; }
-
-    std::vector<operand*> sources() override { return { &m_lhs, &m_rhs }; }
-
-    std::vector<const operand*> sources() const override { return { &m_lhs, &m_rhs }; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's left-hand-side operand.
-     *
-     * @return The operand.
-     */
-    const operand& lhs() const { return m_lhs; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's right-hand-side operand.
-     *
-     * @return The operand.
-     */
-    const operand& rhs() const { return m_rhs; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination operand.
-     *
-     * @return The operand.
-     */
-    const operand& dst() const { return m_dst; }
-private:
-    instruction_t m_type;
-    operand       m_lhs /**< Left-hand-side operand */;
-    operand       m_rhs /**< Right-hand-side operand */;
-    operand       m_dst /**< Destination operand */;
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override {
-        return os << m_dst << " = " << m_lhs << ' ' << m_type << ' ' << m_rhs;
-    }
-};
-
-using block_index = std::uint64_t; /**< IR block index alias */
-
-/**
- * @brief Branch instruction
- */
-class branch_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new branch instruction.
-     *
-     * @param block Destination block index.
-     */
-    branch_instruction(block_index block)
-      : m_block(block) {}
-
-    ~branch_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    branch_instruction(branch_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    branch_instruction& operator=(branch_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    branch_instruction(const branch_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    branch_instruction& operator=(const branch_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return instruction_t::Branch.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return instruction_t::Branch; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination block index.
-     *
-     * @return The destination block index.
-     */
-    block_index block() const { return m_block; }
-private:
-    block_index m_block; /**< Destination block index. */
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override { return os << "branch #" << m_block; }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Conditional branch instruction
- */
-class branch_cond_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new conditional branch instruction.
-     *
-     * @param condition Condition operand.
-     * @param ifBlock Destination block index.
-     * @param elseBlock Else block index.
-     */
-    branch_cond_instruction(operand&& condition, block_index ifBlock, block_index elseBlock)
-      : m_condition(std::move(condition)), m_ifBlock(ifBlock), m_elseBlock(elseBlock) {}
-
-    ~branch_cond_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    branch_cond_instruction(branch_cond_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    branch_cond_instruction& operator=(branch_cond_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    branch_cond_instruction(const branch_cond_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    branch_cond_instruction& operator=(const branch_cond_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    instruction_t type() const override { return instruction_t::BranchCond; }
-
-    std::vector<operand*>       sources() override { return { &m_condition }; }
-    std::vector<const operand*> sources() const override { return { &m_condition }; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's condition operand.
-     *
-     * @return The operand.
-     */
-    const operand& condition() const { return m_condition; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination block index.
-     *
-     * @return The destination block index.
-     */
-    block_index if_block() const { return m_ifBlock; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's else block index.
-     *
-     * @return The else block index.
-     */
-    block_index else_block() const { return m_elseBlock; }
-private:
-    operand     m_condition /**< Condition operand. */;
-    block_index m_ifBlock /**< Destination block index. */;
-    block_index m_elseBlock /**< Else block index. */;
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override {
-        return os << "branch_cond " << m_condition << ", #" << m_ifBlock << ", #" << m_elseBlock;
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Return instruction
- */
-class return_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    return_instruction() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new return instruction.
-     *
-     * @param value Return value operand.
-     */
-    return_instruction(operand&& value)
-      : m_value(std::move(value)) {}
-
-    ~return_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    return_instruction(return_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    return_instruction& operator=(return_instruction&&) = default;
-
-    return_instruction(const return_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    return_instruction& operator=(const return_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return instruction_t::Return.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return instruction_t::Return; }
-
-    std::vector<operand*> sources() override {
-        if (m_value.has_value()) return { &*m_value };
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    std::vector<const operand*> sources() const override {
-        if (m_value.has_value()) return { &*m_value };
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's return value operand.
-     *
-     * @return The operand.
-     */
-    const std::optional<operand>& value() const { return m_value; }
-private:
-    std::optional<operand> m_value; /**< The return value operand. */
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override {
-        os << "return";
-        if (m_value.has_value()) os << ' ' << m_value.value();
-        return os;
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Phi instruction
- *
- * Used to implement the phi node in the SSA graph.
- */
-class phi_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    phi_instruction(register_operand dst)
-      : m_dst(operand::new_reg(dst)) {}
-
-    ~phi_instruction() override = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    phi_instruction(phi_instruction&&) noexcept = default;
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    phi_instruction& operator=(phi_instruction&&) noexcept = default;
-
-    phi_instruction(const phi_instruction&) = delete;
-
-    phi_instruction& operator=(const phi_instruction&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return instruction_t::Phi.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return instruction_t::Phi; }
-
-    bool has_destination() const override { return true; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination register.
-     *
-     * @return The register.
-     */
-    operand& destination() override { return m_dst; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination register.
-     *
-     * @return The register.
-     */
-    const operand& destination() const override { return m_dst; }
-
-    std::vector<const operand*> sources() const override {
-        std::vector<const operand*> srcs;
-        srcs.reserve(m_labels.size());
-        for (const auto& [op, _block] : m_labels)
-            srcs.push_back(&op);
-        return srcs;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's labels.
-     *
-     * @return The labels.
-     */
-    std::vector<std::pair<operand, block_index>>& labels() { return m_labels; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's labels.
-     *
-     * @return The labels.
-     */
-    const std::vector<std::pair<operand, block_index>>& labels() const { return m_labels; }
-private:
-    operand                                      m_dst;
-    std::vector<std::pair<operand, block_index>> m_labels;
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override {
-        os << m_dst << " = phi";
-        bool first = true;
-        for (const auto& pair : m_labels) {
-            if (!first) os << ',';
-            first = false;
-            os << ' ' << pair.second << ": " << pair.first;
-        }
-        return os;
-    }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Function call instruction.
- */
-class call_instruction final : public instruction {
-public:
-    template <typename NameFwd, typename ArgsFwd>
-    call_instruction(NameFwd&& name, operand&& dst, ArgsFwd&& args)
-      : m_name(std::forward<NameFwd>(name)), m_dst(std::move(dst)), m_args(std::forward<ArgsFwd>(args)) {}
-
-    ~call_instruction() override = default;
-
-    call_instruction(call_instruction&&) noexcept            = default;
-    call_instruction& operator=(call_instruction&&) noexcept = default;
-    call_instruction(const call_instruction&)                = delete;
-    call_instruction& operator=(const call_instruction&)     = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's type.
-     *
-     * @return instruction_t::Call.
-     */
-    instruction_t type() const override { return instruction_t::Call; }
-
-    bool has_destination() const override { return true; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination register.
-     *
-     * @return The register.
-     */
-    operand& destination() override { return m_dst; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's destination register.
-     *
-     * @return The register.
-     */
-    const operand& destination() const override { return m_dst; }
-
-    std::vector<const operand*> sources() const override {
-        std::vector<const operand*> srcs;
-        srcs.reserve(m_args.size());
-        for (const auto& op : m_args)
-            srcs.push_back(&op);
-        return srcs;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this instruction's callee name.
-     *
-     * @return The name.
-     */
-    const std::string& name() const { return m_name; }
-private:
-    std::string          m_name;
-    operand              m_dst;
-    std::vector<operand> m_args;
-protected:
-    std::ostream& print(std::ostream& os) const override {
-        os << m_dst << " = " << m_name << '(';
-        bool first = true;
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_args.size(); ++i) {
-            if (!first) os << ", ";
-            first = false;
-        }
-        return os << ')';
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace ir
-} // namespace furlang
-
-#endif // FURLANG_IR_INSTRUCTION_HPP

furlang/include/furlang/ir/module.hpp

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef FURLANG_IR_MODULE_HPP
-#define FURLANG_IR_MODULE_HPP
-
-#include "furlang/ir/function.hpp"
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace furlang {
-namespace ir {
-
-/**
- * @brief IR module
- */
-class mod {
-public:
-    using value_type = std::unique_ptr<function>; /**< Value type. */
-public:
-    mod() = default;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Pushes and returns a new IR function.
-     *
-     * @param args Arguments to call the constructor with.
-     * @return The new IR function.
-     */
-    template <typename... Args>
-    value_type& push(Args&&... args) {
-        return m_functions.emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this module's functions.
-     *
-     * @return The functions.
-     */
-    std::vector<value_type>& functions() { return m_functions; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this module's functions.
-     *
-     * @return The functions.
-     */
-    const std::vector<value_type>& functions() const { return m_functions; }
-private:
-    std::vector<value_type> m_functions;
-};
-
-} // namespace ir
-} // namespace furlang
-
-#endif // FURLANG_IR_MODULE_HPP

furlang/include/furlang/ir/operand.hpp

@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef FURLANG_IR_OPERAND_HPP
-#define FURLANG_IR_OPERAND_HPP
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <string>
-
-namespace furlang {
-namespace ir {
-
-/**
- * @brief Operand type
- */
-enum class operand_t {
-    None,     /**< None */
-    Register, /**< Register */
-    Variable, /**< Variable */
-    Integer,  /**< Integer */
-    String,   /**< String */
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Alias to a register type.
- */
-using register_t = std::uint32_t;
-
-/**
- * @brief Register operand alias.
- * @see operand_t::Register
- */
-struct register_operand {
-    register_t    reg = 0;
-    std::uint32_t ver = 0;
-
-    register_operand() = default;
-
-    register_operand(register_t reg)
-      : reg(reg) {}
-
-    register_operand(register_t reg, std::uint32_t ver)
-      : reg(reg), ver(ver) {}
-
-    operator std::uint32_t&() { return reg; }
-    operator const std::uint32_t&() const { return reg; }
-
-    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const register_operand& op) {
-        return os << op.reg << '_' << op.ver;
-    }
-
-    bool operator==(const register_operand& rhs) const { return reg == rhs.reg && ver == rhs.ver; }
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Variable operand alias.
- * @see operand_t::Variable
- */
-using variable_operand = std::string;
-/**
- * @brief Integer operand alias.
- * @see operand_t::Integer
- */
-using integer_operand = std::uint64_t;
-/**
- * @brief String operand alias.
- * @see operand_t::String
- */
-using string_operand = std::string;
-
-/**
- * @brief IR operand
- */
-class operand {
-public:
-    ~operand() {
-        if (m_type == operand_t::String) {
-            m_value.string.~basic_string();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    operand(operand&& other) noexcept
-      : m_type(other.m_type) {
-        switch (m_type) {
-        case operand_t::None: break;
-        case operand_t::Register: {
-            m_value.reg = other.m_value.reg;
-        } break;
-        case operand_t::Variable: {
-            new (&m_value.variable) variable_operand(std::move(other.m_value.variable));
-        } break;
-        case operand_t::Integer: {
-            m_value.integer = other.m_value.integer;
-        } break;
-        case operand_t::String: {
-            new (&m_value.string) string_operand(std::move(other.m_value.string));
-        } break;
-        }
-        other.m_value.destroy(other.m_type);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Move constructor.
-     */
-    operand& operator=(operand&& other) noexcept {
-        if (this == &other) return *this;
-        m_type = other.m_type;
-        switch (m_type) {
-        case operand_t::None: break;
-        case operand_t::Register: {
-            m_value.reg = other.m_value.reg;
-        } break;
-        case operand_t::Variable: {
-            new (&m_value.variable) variable_operand(std::move(other.m_value.variable));
-        } break;
-        case operand_t::Integer: {
-            m_value.integer = other.m_value.integer;
-        } break;
-        case operand_t::String: {
-            new (&m_value.string) string_operand(std::move(other.m_value.string));
-        } break;
-        }
-        other.m_value.destroy(other.m_type);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    operand(const operand&)            = delete;
-    operand& operator=(const operand&) = delete;
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new register operand.
-     *
-     * @param value Value of the new register operand.
-     * @return The register operand.
-     */
-    static operand new_reg(register_t value) {
-        operand operand;
-        operand.m_type      = operand_t::Register;
-        operand.m_value.reg = { value, 0 };
-        return operand;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new register operand.
-     *
-     * @param value Value of the new register operand.
-     * @return The register operand.
-     */
-    static operand new_reg(register_operand value) {
-        operand operand;
-        operand.m_type      = operand_t::Register;
-        operand.m_value.reg = value;
-        return operand;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new variable operand.
-     *
-     * @param value Value of the new variable operand.
-     * @return The variable operand.
-     */
-    template <typename T>
-    static operand new_variable(T&& value) {
-        operand operand;
-        operand.m_type = operand_t::Variable;
-        new (&operand.m_value.variable) variable_operand(std::forward<T>(value));
-        return operand;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new integer operand.
-     *
-     * @param value Value of the new integer operand.
-     * @return The integer operand.
-     */
-    static operand new_integer(integer_operand value) {
-        operand operand;
-        operand.m_type          = operand_t::Integer;
-        operand.m_value.integer = value;
-        return operand;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Construct a new string operand.
-     *
-     * @param value Value of the new string operand.
-     * @return The string operand.
-     */
-    template <typename T>
-    static operand new_string(T&& value) {
-        operand operand;
-        operand.m_type = operand_t::String;
-        new (&operand.m_value.string) string_operand(std::forward<T>(value));
-        return operand;
-    }
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this operand's type.
-     *
-     * @return The operand type.
-     */
-    operand_t type() const { return m_type; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this operand's register value.
-     *
-     * @return The register value.
-     */
-    register_operand& reg() { return m_value.reg; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this operand's register value.
-     *
-     * @return The register value.
-     */
-    register_operand reg() const { return m_value.reg; }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Returns this operand's integer value.
-     *
-     * @return The integer value.
-     */
-    integer_operand integer() const { return m_value.integer; }
-public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Prints an operand to an output stream.
-     *
-     * @param os Output stream.
-     * @param operand Operand to print.
-     * @return The output stream.
-     */
-    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const operand& operand) {
-        switch (operand.m_type) {
-        case operand_t::None: return os << "none";
-        case operand_t::Register: return os << '%' << operand.m_value.reg;
-        case operand_t::Variable: return os << operand.m_value.variable;
-        case operand_t::Integer: return os << operand.m_value.integer;
-        case operand_t::String: return os << '"' << operand.m_value.string << '"';
-        }
-        return os;
-    }
-private:
-    operand() = default;
-private:
-    operand_t m_type = operand_t::None;
-    union value {
-        std::nullptr_t   null = nullptr;
-        register_operand reg;
-        variable_operand variable;
-        integer_operand  integer;
-        string_operand   string;
-
-        void destroy(operand_t type) {
-            switch (type) {
-            case operand_t::String: {
-                string.~basic_string();
-            } break;
-            default: break;
-            }
-            null = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        value() = default;
-        ~value() {}
-
-        value(value&&) noexcept            = delete;
-        value& operator=(value&&) noexcept = delete;
-        value(const value&)                = delete;
-        value& operator=(const value&)     = delete;
-    } m_value;
-};
-
-} // namespace ir
-} // namespace furlang
-
-namespace std {
-
-template <>
-struct hash<furlang::ir::register_operand> {
-    std::size_t operator()(const furlang::ir::register_operand& op) const noexcept {
-        std::size_t h1 = std::hash<decltype(op.reg)>{}(op.reg);
-        std::size_t h2 = std::hash<std::uint32_t>{}(op.ver);
-        return h1 ^ (h2 + 0x9e3779b9 + (h1 << 6) + (h1 >> 2));
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace std
-
-#endif // FURLANG_IR_OPERAND_HPP