refactor(furvm): future-proofing thing ctor and dtor

Refs: #10

furvm/include/furvm/context.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #ifndef FURVM_CONTEXT_HPP
 #define FURVM_CONTEXT_HPP
 
+#include "furlang/arena.hpp"
 #include "furvm/fwd.hpp"
 #include "furvm/module.hpp"
 
+#include <queue>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -20,12 +22,12 @@ public:
     /**
      * @brief Move constructor.
      */
-    context(context&&) = default;
+    context(context&&) noexcept = default;
 
     /**
      * @brief Move constructor.
      */
-    context& operator=(context&&) = default;
+    context& operator=(context&&) noexcept = default;
 
     context(const context&)            = delete;
     context& operator=(const context&) = delete;
@@ -95,6 +97,10 @@ private:
     std::vector<mod_p>      m_modules;
     std::vector<thing_p>    m_things;
     std::vector<executor_p> m_executors;
+
+    std::queue<thing_handle> m_deadThings;
+    std::vector<void*>       m_deadThingData;
+    furlang::arena           m_thingArena;
 };
 
 } // namespace furvm

furvm/include/furvm/exceptions.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef FURVM_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
+#define FURVM_EXCEPTIONS_HPP
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace furvm {
+
+class stack_underflow : public std::exception {
+public:
+    stack_underflow()           = default;
+    ~stack_underflow() override = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Move constructor.
+     */
+    stack_underflow(stack_underflow&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Move constructor.
+     */
+    stack_underflow& operator=(stack_underflow&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Copy constructor.
+     */
+    stack_underflow(const stack_underflow&) = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Copy constructor.
+     */
+    stack_underflow& operator=(const stack_underflow&) = default;
+public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns a C-style string describing the cause of the error.
+     *
+     * @return The cause of the error.
+     */
+    const char* what() const noexcept override { return "stack underflow"; }
+};
+
+} // namespace furvm
+
+#endif // FURVM_EXCEPTIONS_HPP

furvm/include/furvm/executor.hpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace furvm {
 
 enum class executor_flags : std::uint32_t {
     Suspended = (1 << 0), /**< Execution suspended. */
+    Done      = (1 << 1), /**< Execution is finished. */
 };
 
 static inline executor_flags operator|(executor_flags lhs, executor_flags rhs) {
@@ -132,6 +133,11 @@ public:
      * @return The thing.
      */
     thing_p thing() const;
+public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Executes next instruction.
+     */
+    void step();
 private:
     executor_handle m_id;
     executor_flags  m_flags{}; // NOLINT(bugprone-invalid-enum-default-initialization)

furvm/include/furvm/fwd.hpp

@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ using module_handle = std::uint32_t;
  */
 enum class thing_t : std::uint8_t;
 
+/**
+ * @class bad_thing_access
+ * @brief Bad thing access exception.
+ */
+class bad_thing_access;
+
 /**
  * @class thing
  * @brief Furvm thing.
@@ -134,6 +140,14 @@ class context;
  */
 using context_p = std::shared_ptr<context>;
 
+// exceptions.hpp:
+
+/**
+ * @class stack_underflow
+ * @brief Stack underflow exception.
+ */
+class stack_underflow;
+
 } // namespace furvm
 
 #endif // FURVM_FWD_HPP

furvm/include/furvm/module.hpp

@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@ public:
      * @return The id.
      */
     constexpr module_handle id() const { return m_id; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns a byte from bytecode of this module.
+     *
+     * @param offset An offset of the byte.
+     * @return The byte.
+     */
+    constexpr byte byte(std::size_t offset) const { return m_bytecode.at(offset); }
 private:
     module_handle m_id;
     bytecode_t    m_bytecode;

furvm/include/furvm/thing.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace furvm {
 
 enum class thing_t : std::uint8_t {
-    Int,
+    Int32,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -17,7 +17,40 @@ enum class thing_t : std::uint8_t {
  */
 std::size_t thing_type_size(thing_t type);
 
-class thing {
+class bad_thing_access : public std::exception {
+public:
+    bad_thing_access()           = default;
+    ~bad_thing_access() override = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Move constructor.
+     */
+    bad_thing_access(bad_thing_access&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Move constructor.
+     */
+    bad_thing_access& operator=(bad_thing_access&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Copy constructor.
+     */
+    bad_thing_access(const bad_thing_access&) = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Copy constructor.
+     */
+    bad_thing_access& operator=(const bad_thing_access&) = default;
+public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns a C-style string describing the cause of the error.
+     *
+     * @return The cause of the error.
+     */
+    const char* what() const noexcept override { return "bad thing access"; }
+};
+
+class thing final {
     friend class executor;
 private:
     /**
@@ -28,6 +61,10 @@ private:
     struct rzecz {
         explicit rzecz() = default;
     };
+public:
+    using nref_t = std::size_t; /**< Type of reference count. */
+
+    static constexpr thing_handle GENERATION_SIZE = 12; /**< Bit size of generation part in thing_handle. */
 public:
     /**
      * @brief Private constructor.
@@ -61,12 +98,44 @@ public:
      * @return Shared pointer to the new thing.
      */
     static thing_p create(const context_p& context, thing_t type);
+public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns an int32 value from this thing.
+     *
+     * @return The value.
+     */
+    std::int32_t& int32();
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns an int32 value from this thing.
+     *
+     * @return The value.
+     */
+    const std::int32_t& int32() const;
+public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Increments reference count of this thing by one.
+     */
+    void add_reference() { ++m_refCount; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Decrements reference count of this thing by one.
+     */
+    void remove_reference() { --m_refCount; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns reference count of this thing.
+     *
+     * @return The reference count.
+     */
+    constexpr nref_t reference_count() const { return m_refCount; }
 private:
     thing_handle m_id;
     thing_t      m_type;
     context_p    m_context;
 
-    void* m_data = nullptr;
+    nref_t m_refCount = 0;
+    void*  m_data     = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace furvm

furvm/src/executor.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 #include "furvm/executor.hpp"
 
 #include "furvm/context.hpp" // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "furvm/exceptions.hpp"
+#include "furvm/instruction.hpp"
+#include "furvm/thing.hpp"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
 
 namespace furvm {
 
@@ -22,6 +27,7 @@ void executor::push_frame(const mod_p& mod, std::size_t position) {
 }
 
 struct executor::frame executor::pop_frame() {
+    if (m_frames.empty()) throw stack_underflow();
     struct executor::frame frame = m_frames.top();
     m_frames.pop();
     return frame;
@@ -32,19 +38,53 @@ struct executor::frame executor::frame() const {
 }
 
 void executor::push_thing(const thing_p& thing) {
+    thing->add_reference();
     m_stack.push(thing);
 }
 
 thing_p executor::pop_thing() {
-    if (m_frames.top().stackBase >= m_stack.size()) return {};
+    if (m_frames.top().stackBase >= m_stack.size()) throw stack_underflow();
     thing_p top = std::move(m_stack.top());
     m_stack.pop();
+    top->remove_reference();
     return top;
 }
 
 thing_p executor::thing() const {
-    if (m_frames.top().stackBase >= m_stack.size()) return {};
+    if (m_frames.top().stackBase >= m_stack.size()) throw stack_underflow();
     return m_stack.top();
 }
 
+void executor::step() {
+    if ((m_flags & executor_flags::Suspended) == executor_flags::Suspended) return;
+
+    struct frame& frame = m_frames.top();
+
+    instruction_t instr = static_cast<instruction_t>(frame.mod->byte(frame.position++));
+    switch (instr) {
+    case instruction_t::NoOperation: break;
+    case instruction_t::PushB2I: {
+        auto thing     = thing::create(m_context, thing_t::Int32);
+        thing->int32() = frame.mod->byte(frame.position++);
+        m_stack.push(std::move(thing));
+    } break;
+    case instruction_t::Drop: {
+        pop_thing();
+    } break;
+    case instruction_t::Return: {
+        pop_frame();
+        if (m_frames.empty()) m_flags = m_flags | executor_flags::Done;
+    } break;
+    case instruction_t::ReturnValue: {
+        auto value = pop_thing();
+        pop_frame();
+        m_stack.push(std::move(value));
+    } break;
+    case instruction_t::PushConstant:
+    case instruction_t::Duplicate: {
+        throw std::runtime_error("unimplemented");
+    }
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace furvm

furvm/src/main.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <memory>
 
-static constexpr std::array<furvm::byte, 3> s_bytecode = {
+static constexpr std::array<furvm::byte, 4> s_bytecode = {
     furvm::byte(furvm::instruction_t::PushB2I),
     67,
+    furvm::byte(furvm::instruction_t::Drop),
     furvm::byte(furvm::instruction_t::Return),
 };
 
@@ -22,6 +23,10 @@ int main(void) {
     auto executor = furvm::executor::create(context);
     executor->push_frame(mainModule, 0);
 
+    while ((executor->flags() & furvm::executor_flags::Done) != furvm::executor_flags::Done) {
+        executor->step();
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 

furvm/src/thing.cpp

@@ -5,29 +5,80 @@
 #include "furvm/context.hpp" // IWYU pragma: keep
 
 #include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <stdexcept>
 
 namespace furvm {
 
 std::size_t thing_type_size(thing_t type) {
     switch (type) {
-    case thing_t::Int: return 4;
+    case thing_t::Int32: return 4;
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 thing::thing(rzecz, thing_handle id, thing_t type, const context_p& context)
-  : m_id(id), m_type(type), m_context(context), m_data(std::calloc(1, thing_type_size(type))) {}
+  : m_id(id), m_type(type), m_context(context) {
+    std::size_t size = thing_type_size(type);
+    std::byte*  data = nullptr;
+    if (!m_context->m_deadThingData.empty()) {
+        thing_t itType{};
+        for (auto it = m_context->m_deadThingData.rbegin(); it != m_context->m_deadThingData.rend(); ++it) {
+            std::memcpy(&itType, static_cast<std::byte*>(*it) - sizeof(itType), sizeof(itType));
+            if (size == thing_type_size(itType)) {
+                data = static_cast<std::byte*>(*it);
+                m_context->m_deadThingData.erase(std::next(it).base());
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (data == nullptr) data = m_context->m_thingArena.allocate<std::byte>(sizeof(type) + size);
+
+    if (data == nullptr) throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate data for new thing");
+    std::memcpy(data, &type, sizeof(type));
+    m_data = data + sizeof(type);
+
+    switch (m_type) {
+    // Primitives are zero-initialized.
+    default:
+    case thing_t::Int32: std::memset(m_data, 0, size);
+    }
+}
 
 thing::~thing() {
-    std::free(m_data);
+    switch (m_type) {
+    // Primitives are not destructed.
+    default:
+    case thing_t::Int32: break;
+    }
+
+    m_context->m_deadThingData.push_back(m_data);
 }
 
 thing_p thing::create(const context_p& context, thing_t type) {
-    auto th = std::make_shared<thing>(rzecz{}, context->m_things.size(), type, context);
-    context->m_things.push_back(th);
+    thing_handle id = context->m_things.size();
+    if (!context->m_deadThings.empty()) {
+        id = context->m_deadThings.front();
+        context->m_deadThings.pop();
+        id += 1 << GENERATION_SIZE;
+    }
+    thing_handle idx = id & ((1ULL << ((sizeof(id) * 8) - GENERATION_SIZE)) - 1);
+
+    auto th = std::make_shared<thing>(rzecz{}, id, type, context);
+    context->m_things.emplace(context->m_things.begin() + idx, th);
     return std::move(th);
 }
 
+std::int32_t& thing::int32() {
+    if (m_type != thing_t::Int32) throw bad_thing_access();
+    return *static_cast<std::int32_t*>(m_data);
+}
+
+const std::int32_t& thing::int32() const {
+    if (m_type != thing_t::Int32) throw bad_thing_access();
+    return *static_cast<std::int32_t*>(m_data);
+}
+
 } // namespace furvm
 
 // NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc)